Repetitive Behaviors
Repetitive behaviors are a common part of child development.
Many toddlers and some preschoolers have certain rhythmic or repetitive movements they enjoy. For example, a child may enjoy tapping fingers, spinning, or rocking.
A long and persistent history of repetitive behaviors is associated with autism. These behaviors, also known as stimming or Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors (RRBs), serve an important function: they help regulate sensory experiences and emotions. Think of them as tools that help your child feel grounded, focused, and comfortable in their own bodies.
What Are Repetitive Behaviors?
Repetitive behaviors in childhood can include a wide range of actions, such as flapping hands, rocking, spinning, lining up objects, repeating words or phrases, or even having intense, focused interests.
While these behaviors might seem unusual to those unfamiliar with autism, they are a vital part of how many autistic individuals navigate the world.
Why Do Children Engage in Repetitive Behaviors?
- Typical development: It’s not unusual for neurotypical toddlers and preschoolers to engage in some repetitive behaviors as they explore their world and develop self-regulation skills. These behaviors often fade as they grow.
- Sensory regulation: For autistic children, repetitive behaviors can help manage sensory input, which can sometimes feel overwhelming or unpredictable. Stimming can provide a sense of control and comfort.
- Emotional regulation: Repetitive behaviors can help children process emotions, self-soothe, and cope with stress or anxiety.
- Joy and focus: Some repetitive behaviors are simply enjoyable! They can provide a sense of pleasure, focus, and deep engagement.
When Are Repetitive Behaviors a Sign of Autism?
While some repetitive behaviors are common in early childhood, there are some key differences to watch for as a parent.
- Intensity and frequency: Autistic children often engage in repetitive behaviors more intensely and frequently than neurotypical children.
- Purposeful stimming: For autistic children, stimming serves a clear purpose in regulating their sensory and emotional experiences.
- Challenges with social interaction: Autistic children may have difficulty with social communication and interaction, and their repetitive behaviors may interfere with social situations.
Pitfalls to Avoid
- Viewing stimming as “bad” behavior: It’s crucial to understand that repetitive behaviors are not something autistic children need to be “fixed.” They are a natural and important part of their experience.
- Trying to force them to stop: Suddenly interrupting or preventing stimming can cause distress and dysregulation. Instead, focus on understanding the function of the behavior and providing alternative ways to meet those needs.
- Overlooking sensory needs: Create a sensory-friendly environment that minimizes overwhelming sensory input and provides opportunities for your child to regulate their sensory experiences.
Pearls of Wisdom
- Acceptance and affirmation: Embrace your child’s stimming as a natural part of who they are. Create a home environment where they feel safe and accepted to engage in these behaviors.
- Sensory exploration: Provide opportunities for sensory exploration and movement throughout the day. This can help your child regulate their sensory system and reduce the need for intense stimming.
- Respectful communication: If your child’s stimming is disruptive in certain settings, work with them to find alternative ways to meet their needs. Collaborate and find solutions together.
- Celebrate strengths and interests: Encourage and support your child’s passions and special interests. These can be a source of joy, focus, and deep learning.
- Seek support: If you’re concerned about your child’s repetitive behaviors, reach out to a qualified professional, such as a child psychologist or pediatrician, for guidance and support.
A Neurodiversity-Affirming Approach
Remember, autism is a natural variation of the human experience, not a disorder to be cured.
By embracing your child’s neurodiversity and supporting their unique ways of being, you can help them thrive.
A Bright Future
With understanding, acceptance, and the right support, children can learn to manage their repetitive behaviors and live fulfilling lives.
Focus on their strengths, celebrate their unique perspectives, and create a world where they can truly be themselves.
Resources for repetitive behaviors
[1] Kroncke, Willard, & Huckabee (2016). Assessment of autism spectrum disorder: Critical issues in clinical forensic and school settings. Springer, San Francisco.
[2] Fein, Deborah (2011). The Neuropsychology of Autism.
[3] Mahone, Mark E.; Ryan, Matthew; Ferenc, Lisa; Morris-Berry, Christina; Singer, Harvey, S. (2014). Neuropsychological function in children with primary complex motor stereotypies. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology.
